How to Use the Subjunctive With Dès Que

The French term dà ¨s que  is a conjunction that means as soon as. Dà ¨s que does not take the subjunctive. Examples Je lachà ¨terai dà ¨s quil arrivera.Ill buy it as soon as he arrives. Je te donnerais  le livre dà ¨s que  je  le finirai.Ill give you the book as soon as I finish it. As you can see in the examples above, this conjunction is normally followed by the ​future  tense, rather than the present tense.​

The Tragedy Of Euripides Medea And Ovid s ...

Introduction Retribution is a monster of appetite, eternally bloodthirsty and never filled. Rage, resentment and envy does not change the heart of others. A massive success is the best revenge for a woman. It is the only way to get back at someone for a pain they have caused. In Euripides’ Medea and Ovid’s’ Metamorphoses, Medea and Juno exhibit vengeance to defend their dignity. Primary Source In Euripides’ Medea, Medea is very furious because Juno left her and her children to remarry the princess. Medea does not accept the betrayal and demands punishment for leaving her after all she has done for him. Creon is aware â€Å"I’m afraid of you. You could hurt my daughter, even kill her. Every indication points that way†(793). Medea knew she was going to exile and pretended to be a victim and swore that all she said was just out of anger. Little did the king know that she had a vicious plan to kill his daughter and Creon as well. Medea indeed got what she wanted. She obtained revenged by killing her children on top of the bride and the king.â€Å"Forget your children. Afterward you’ll grieve. For even if you kill them, they were yours; you loved them. I’m a woman cursed by fortune†(817). This shows how woman did not have power over their children. Medea’s husband was the owner and that’s why she killed them because her ch ildren were not in reality hers, she just gave birth to them. Juno’s Primary Source In Ovid’ Metamorphoses, Juno is a woman of a lot of dignity. She does not let

Deterioration of the American

Deterioration of the American-Soviet Relationship Essay after World War IIDeteriorationof the American-Soviet Relationship after World War IIAmerican and Soviet relations deterioratedin the decade following World War II. The three factors that had the mosteffect on that relationship were the agreements made at the Yalta Conference,the Korean War, and McCarthyism. The agreements of the Yalta Conferencebegan the deterioration of the American-Soviet relationship. Some of thedecisions taken at Yalta pertained to Europe. The most critical of thesehad to do with the liberated nations of eastern Europe. Roosevelt and Churchillrejected Stalins proposal that they accept the Lublin government in Poland. Instead, the three leaders agreed on a reorganization of the Polishgovernment to include leaders from abroad- this provisional governmentto be pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections as soonas possible. After the war, the Soviet Union set up a puppet governmentin Poland and the free elections promised them never surfaced. For liberatedEurope in general, the conference promised interim governmental authoritiesbroadly representative of all democratic elements in the population andpledged to the earliest possible establishment through free elections ofgovernments responsive to the will of the people. Stalin agreed to thatconcession thinking that the libe4rated European nations would see theSoviet Union as their saviors and create their own communist governments. McCarthyism was running rampant in the United States and had a profound effect on the American-Soviet relationship. The Korean war transformed McCarthys crusade form an eccentric sideshow into a popular movement. If communist were killing American boys in Korea, why should communists be given the benefit of the doubt in the United States. People trusted the Soviets less then they ever did. The Rosenbergs were caught stealing nuclear secrets. Many influential people were accused of begin communists simply because they had different opinions. Because of McCarthyism, Congress passed the McCarran Internal Security Act which established a Subversive Activities Control Board to follow communist activities in the United States. After the jailing of many supposed Communists, how could people trust their neighbors or friends. Everyone was suspected of being a communist and many were brought up on charges. The hysteria spread like wildfire. It caught on in every town and city. The communists w ere against everything America was based on and since the Soviet Union was a communist country, they couldnt be trusted or ever given the benefit of the doubt. Attempting to Cheat Fate EssayIn Conclusion, the Yalta Conference agreements, the Korean War, and McCarthyism helped to deteriorate the American-Soviet relationship in the 1950s.

Final Marketing Plan Presentation Essay Example

Final Marketing Plan Presentation Paper The Allocate Corporation Is the largest publicly held personal lines property and casualty Insurer In America. Allocate provides Insurance products to approximately 16 million households. Allocate was founded In 1931 and became a publicly traded company In 1993. Listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol ALL and widely known through the Youre In Good Hands With [emailprotected] slogan. (Suite 101, 2013). Being such a large provider of consumer protection takes hard work and dedication from every individual in the company to provide consumers with the highest level of customer service. While Allocate was trying unsuccessfully to diversify, rivals were revolutionize the auto insurance business, which Allocate still counts on for most of its sales. Auto premiums generated 55% of its $31. 4 billion in revenue last year. Gecko and Progressive Corp.. Found a new formula for growth in the relatively mature business. They crafted a lower-cost model combining direct sales over the Internet and telephone with heavy television advertising. Offering lower prices and more convenience, they grew rapidly at the expense of Allocate and other insurers that sell mostly through agents-Lactates second-place share of the auto Insurance market fell to 10. 4% from 1 1. 3% over the past five years, while Chevy Chase, Md. -based Geol. jumped two points to 8. 7% and Progressive climbed to 7. 9 % ( Suite 101, 2013). State Farm Insurance the largest car and home insurer in the U. S. ND a mutual company owned by its policyholders consistently rated better for claims handling and service than Allocate. The claims department of Allocate has some of the most critical Interaction with the consumers because it is during a time of need. Consumers contact the claims department when they have suffered a loss to establish a claim. The claims adjuster has the responsibility of obtaining claim pertinent information from the con sumer to effectively evaluate the loss. At Allocate Insurance claims departments are separated according to customer needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Marketing Plan Presentation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Final Marketing Plan Presentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Final Marketing Plan Presentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Large claims offices known as Market Claim Offices, NCO, are strategically located to provide adequate coverage across the nation. A Market Claim Office presides over a few states or an Individual state depending on claim volume and consumer coverage. Allocate has specialized offices that handle claims for the entire nation but only if they meet certain criteria. The Hudson Express Office out of Hudson, Ohio is an office tit a focus on handling claims with a reduced cycle time or the time from claim submission to claim settlement. A starting to examine the external factors impacting customer expectations, which may or may not be off-kilter with necessary protocols and the terms of coverage insurance in general, is the medias unflattering portrayal of the industry; especially in light of post Strain claim controversies and litigation. Aside from merely being a nuisance, the media also contribute to customer apprehension, which Invariably affects the entire claim experience, starting with the initial exchange. Customer leeriness combated, comfort level enhanced easily by treating the customer and the claim with care and speed. To meet this reduced cycle time the Hudson Express Office only handles smaller claims with a total loss under $10,000. Everything within the Hudson Express Office is completely in house with no adjusters is to efficiently write an estimate for structure damages and example of this comes from a customers review: (Five Weeks and Still Waiting, Jan 18 was broadsided by a driver who didnt stop at a stop sign at a 4 way intersection. My car was left UN-drivable. She didnt have her insurance card with her. After a lot of investigating I found out who her insurance company was and called them myself. They told me an adjuster would be out to look at my car. No one showed up. I have called every day since. I have been told that as soon as they receive the police report and accept liability, they will put me in a rental car. It has been almost 5 weeks! Description of the new product of service Allocate aims to compete more effectively with Geol. and Progressive on their turf. After a successful four state pilot of the new Claim Satisfaction Guarantee for auto insurance across the country. Will Shorten claim cycle time ultimately results in higher customer satisfaction because the consumer can resume life as usual sooner rather than later. Allocate Insurance has implemented a new web-based customer service center to in able consumers to provide claim pertinent information via their computer through the use of the customer website. Consumers are able to enter file notes into the claim as well as submit a list of stolen or damaged items through the customer website that can be instantly attached to the claim. An opportunity area for decreased cycle time is with regard to property estimates. An in house estimating yester is utilized by inside adjusters to create a preliminary damage estimate. For smaller less complicated damage areas a web based estimating system would allow consumers to generate their own estimates. A simple web page can include multiple selections for damage areas including fences, doors, and windows. Once a damage area has been selected, multiple choice questions would allow consumers to describe the damaged area as well as the style and material the damaged area. If a consumer does not know the material or style, a default or average style and material would allow an initial estimate to be completed. Once the consumer receives an estimate or invoice from a contractor to complete the work, the claims department can review it for validity and issue any supplemental damages incurred. On simple claims, a consumer could file and settle a claim online without waiting for a call from a claims department representative significantly decreasing claim cycle time. SOOT Analysis The idea of developing a page on an insurance claim and being able to submit your complaint and receiving an instant response sounds great; Allocate needs to ensure that claims are being handled in a way in which will not create the weapon to come overloaded, it has to be user friendly and appropriate for any age group . Ether considerations include the cost effectives of this type of service and how it will benefit the consumer and profitably for the brand. New automation also lists the opportunity in cost saving measures such as employee down sizing. Other key item to consider when marketing this type of service can be Advertisement on social media, newspapers,word of mouth, Blobs etc Which are all great ways of promoting the new product and it also provides an opportunity to identify other forms of the same profiteered by the competitor. Target market including Target market is middle market emerging affluent and mass affluent consumers with retirement and family financial protection needs. Priority status at the network repair shops and with our Service Centers. Saving time and effort by having Allocate manage the entire repair process. Using the online system with real time updates to electronically monitor your vehicle at the repair shop. Progression updates are given on repairs so you can spend time doing other things. Working to minimize the repair time, which means a quicker reunion with your car. Quality factors including the laity of repairs, Guaranteeing repairs for as long as you own or lease the vehicle is one market point. If a policyholder has a burning question about a claim at 2 a. M. , they are able log in to the online service site at any time to check the status of the claim. Porters five competitive forces model Lactates Consumer Segmentation Strategy When purchasing insurance or any other product or service, consumers have more choices than ever before and they know it. But decision making power is not in the customers hands alone. A company can build tremendous customer loyalty over time y making it a top priority to understand and meet its customers needs. As a result, Allocate will continue to refine its product offerings, marketing outreach and customer service based on careful research. Allocate serves four different consumer segments with distinct interaction preferences (advice and assistance versus self-directed) and brand preferences (brand-neutral versus brand-sensitive). Marketing research is an approach conducted to evaluate particular strategies. As well as the tactics used toward the web-based estimating system. The marketing research will help to connect with the consumers to analyze what is needed to search opportunities and evaluate marketing actions. This will also help to prevent uncertainties for the new service provided. The market research will allow the chance to determine how well the system is working. The competitive intelligence will help to identify what competitors are doing and how Allocate can differentiate service to gain customer loyalty. Marketing research will aid in developing a strategy that will increase the satisfaction of our new product of service. Allocate is working to provide quality service and conveniences. Therefore, the quantitative research will touch base on many incentives needed to process the claims. Other approaches will involve the act of identifying any other areas of concern. In which could relate to technical issues and a collection of data needed to estimate totals. The marketing research approach described will enhance the quality and promotion for Lactates new web- based system. The overall marketing plan should ensure the quality of each area of the product and should provide the opportunity for clients to get on the site with hassle free problems and get the service that each individual needs. The mission should be to provide the best customer services and to ensure that the client gets hat is needed in the end. Positioning statement Our Shared Vision provides the why, how and what behind everything we do at Allocate. It provides the road map for our continued success. Through this vision, we become an even more valuable company to our customers, associates, investors, our communities and society a company with strong earnings potential and financial performance that sets the benchmark for our industry. We are the Good Hands: We help customers realize their hopes and dreams by providing the best products and services to protect them from lifes uncertainties and prepare them for the future. Deliver substantially more value than the competition by reinventing protection and retirement to improve customers lives. Put the customer at the center of all our actions. Utilize consumer insights, data and technology to serve customers and generate growth and attractive economic returns. Take an enterprise view of our people and processes and work as a single team to advance Allocate rather than our individual interests. Strategy and Position Description An automated online estimating system needs to be easy to understand and easy to use. The first element to the estimating tool is it needs to be easy to understand as ell as aesthetically pleasing. When a customer logs on to his or her internet profile the option to choose an action needs to include selecting an existing claim on the insurance policy. Once the claim has been chosen, there will be a selection for estimating system. When the estimating system is chosen, the customer will be prompted regarding the damages he or she has sustained. For example, a customer was a victim of a recent theft loss where the front door was kicked in. The customer will select the damage option for entry door which will lead to a chain of questions regarding the door. Options for the door will include material in which the door is made such as wood, metal, or fiberglass and whether or not the door is painted. Next, the customer will indicate the size of the door, if the customer does not know how to measure a door there will be a help icon that will advise the proper ways to measure a door. Style is another important factor in the cost of entry doors, options such as flush, panel, French, or security are the most common doors available. The next area of focus will include the damage sustained, whether the door, frame, or both are damaged will determine the proper repairs. The last area of concern for an initial estimate is whether the hardware is damaged and what type of hardware the customer currently has. When all of the information has been entered the estimating system will automatically construct an estimate for the removal and replacement of damaged property as well as the disposal of any debris. When the estimate is finished a disclaimer will be needed to inform the customer that the estimate is only a preliminary estimate and if any discrepancies arise when a contractor has seen the damage to inform the claims department for a review of the estimate. Since claims are being filed online, the movement on this is a little quicker. First of all, it reaches the company faster. The need to have the customer come in and get the information then in-putting it into the computer and have it looked at by the investigating agent, then processed, prepared for payment (if need be). Instead, you computer by the agent. Instead you call or go online and put the information yourself and then let it get processed and then get paid. The affect it has on the movement is that it gets through quicker, you get faster response time from the company, and you et as accurate information as possible. The life cycle in a sense lasts shorter. Instead of taking a few weeks (possibly), it could take up to a week or less. So the life cycle in this case is a shorter one, which is good much better for the company overall. The only downside to this is that even though you get pretty accurate information, you then need to process it into insurance terminology so to speak, in which case you have an agent process the information. Its also a good thing, because the agent is proof reading it so to speak to make sure that the information posted or given is erect, and is process correctly, and is given to the proper division within the company. Its sort of a backup plan and a much needed help for the customer who really has little to no knowledge on how insurance claims work. So overall, it is a faster and easier process which is set up to help the customer, and speed up the process to get claims paid quicker. Over time, while it does become easier, eventually other companies will begin to do this as well, and people will switch to whoever is cheaper. Service Packaging Packaging is not needed for our products or services. Instead we are offering our customers an easier way to file insurance claims. Normally a client would have to call in to the hot line number in order to file a claim. Once the operator answers then the client is expected to listen to numerous options and select which one applies to their personal needs at that moment. This process can be time consuming and aggravating depending on how many clients the customer service representatives the operators are assisting. The next step would be to explain the situation to the operator and wait for them to file the claim for the person. The on line website will be a fast working, easy to navigate website. There is nothing more aggravating then trying to complete information on a website that is slow and takes a long time to accept information. With technological advances, being able to file on line may be more convenient for those who do not have time to call the hot line and file claims. Clients will be able to access the website from laptops, cell phones, pad, or any other media devices that allow access to the internet. Add value because it will be less time consuming for customers, if a follow-up is needed then the information may be easier to retrieve due to the pre-online registration. With every question there will be detailed explanation of what information is required for that particular question. The question and additional information will be explained thoroughly to customers without them having to wait on hold in the phone for long periods of time Just to speak with a live operator. This will add value to the customers in three ways. The online website will save time. Allow customers to have a more hands-on experience with the editing of claim information. Product Life Cycle Over the lifestyle of a product, a companys differentiation and positioning strategy would need to change as the market, competitors, and product change. When we ay that a product has a life cycle we assert four things; Products have a limited life, Product sales pass through district stages, each posing different challenges, opportunities and problems to the seller, Profits rise and fall at different stages of the purchasing, and human resource strategies in each life cycle stages (Product Life Cycle I Stages and Limitations of Product Life Cycle (PL), 2014, p. 1). Product life cycle (PL) deals with the life of the product in the market with respect to business or commercial cost and sales measures (Product Life Cycle I Stages and Limitations of Product Life Cycle (PL), 2014, p. ). There are five stages of each product lifestyle: product development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline (Product Life Cycle I Stages and Limitations of Product Life Cycle (PL) , 2014, p. 1). During the introduction stage, Allocate will be launched into the market. Sales grow slowly in this time, and informative advertising is done (Dines Basic, n. D. ). Many firms do not earn profits in this stage. There wouldnt be much price skimming because our product is not a new invention and does have competitors. Due to the amount of competitors in the insurance market, competitive pricing is used. Sales rapidly grow during the growth stage, so we use persuasive advertising to gain customers. Competition is stiff at times prices may be reduced to stay a top competitor. Even though competition may be stiff, firms start to earn more profits in this stage. Our sales increase slowly and the highest figures are reached during the maturity stage of the product cycle. Since competition is at its Max level, it would be in Lactates best interest to implement promotional pricing. Our profits are also at their highest level. We use competitive advertising to attract and retain our customers Market Force, 2005-2014). Next we enter the decline stage where sales and profits decrease. During this stage, we must determine if the decline is temporary or permanent by conducting marketing research. Production may be stopped if the decline is considered to be permanent. If the decline is temporary, extension strategies are implemented. The extension stage comes into play to come back from the decline. Original products may be reintroduced in other variations by changing the design, starting a new advertising campaign, and more (Dines Basic, n. D. ). Pricing The price strategy of the web based system. The primary goal is to assure that this meets the needs of our loyal customers and anticipated customers. Moreover the pricing of our new web based system is an essential part of the marketing piece. Indeed this product of service can be very successful through proper indications of the pros and cons. Other price strategies could relate to what new services are provided by our competitors. However, researching the value, quality and conveniences of the product of service is essential. Pricing strategies with our new service can work to help gain satisfaction from the customers. Consequently, if the racket research is not implemented correctly; this can work against the organizations overall plan. Contingency plans will also help the guide the new product in the process of service. Most of all pricing factors outline important steps of the web based system. In which will differentiate us from other insurance organizations such as State farm. Furthermore one of all states insurance pricing strategies would involve a small fee. This fee will be deducted from the insurance holders policy every month or every six monthly. The web based system will be done as a package deal. Therefore also be explained to every customer . As well as step by step instructions to give a better understanding of how to use the system. Ultimately the use of the system operates to have claims estimates completed in a timely manner. Customers immediately have an opportunity of seeing the breakdown of damages and cost online. Overall the web based systems pricing is a concern that customer will have a choice to speed the process of with their claim . Although there are some people who may prefer to wait to speak with a claims adjuster. Most of all the new product of service will eliminate many problems with the process of claims. Customers will have n opportunity to view their own claims, and get a compete estimate without waiting for a call back from a claims adjuster. Although this is a preliminary estimate of the claim, this is a positioning factor that gives Lactates customers satisfaction. Pricing figures are major factors towards marketing as well as the competitors. Promotional Strategy Allocate has several online competitors (Progressive, assurance and Gecko) that equate themselves as easy and fast. One of Progressives main thing is price match, which allows consumers to compare rates without providing too much personal information. Many people are reluctant to participate in many online services such as this because they think they will bombarded with spam and other marketing tactics. Generally, customer Just a roundabout amount of what they would have to pay for car insurance based on their specific coverage needs. Allocate has identified this problem and created an innovative solution. First and foremost, Allocate designed a new way for customers to shop for quotes and have them delivered. According to Marketing Edge (2014), quotes would be delivered anonymously (no personal information required), fast and easy, helpful accurate), contemporary, and intuitive (Para. 4). Allocate needed to spread the word on this innovation, and the best way was to implement a campaign. This campaign included banner ads online and other tools designed to focus on online shoppers. Allocate needed to market themselves differently than their competition in order to stand out, excite consumers, and provoke attention. According to Marketing Edge (2014), The new anonymous quote tool was the centerpiece of the program. Once it went live on the www. Allocate. Com site, DRAT, paid search, and online advertising campaigns were implemented in order to drive traffic to it. The DRAT campaign used a unique URL, satellite. Com for tracking purposes. Online banner ads linked directly to the site so visitors could be tracked through initiation and completion of a quote. The Program Objective: Develop and market a category- unique online shopping/quoting tool and introduce it to consumers in a way that cost-effectively invites greater shopping/quoting in the direct channel (Para. 7). This creative strategy had continued to allow online shoppers the freedom and convenience to stay anonymous. Customers do not even have to provide their name to receive a quote (estimate). There is no application to feel out and no surveys to take. All of the other necessary information is gather by simply inputting your zip code. There are helpful tools strategically placed to assist customers, and the web site design is contemporary but not too flashy. According to Marketing Edge (2014), Based on their information, shoppers are presented with an array of estimates in a meet their unique needs. And it provides a price for each option. The tool demonstrates throughout the ease with which consumers can obtain the customized price and coverage information they want (Para. 10). Professional Selling Effort In order to market the new automated system for making claims, Allocate needs to express to the customers exactly how beneficial it will be to them. The best approach would be to build the value to the customer. They would have to show the customer exactly how it would benefit them to manage their claims online rather than deal with a claims adjuster right from the get go. Several people will find it convenient to be able to fill out the accident forms right from their mobile device, like their smart phone or tablet, while others will not be so prone to using technology as they are not technologically advanced. We will show the customers not to be afraid of the new systems, and that they are a benefit, not a burden. Initial Budget The budget is a financial plan for Allocate that quantifies the resource allocation plan for the years to come. To start, Allocate would have to create a specific amount, generated from how many people are going to be monitoring the online claims, and how many hours those individuals are going to be putting in. A sum of $208,000 will needed for ten individuals needed for the new system, all set at 40 hours per week and being paid $10 per hour. Allocate will have to create a budget for the person or many putting together the mainframe for putting together the portal for online claims, and setting up the website. Allocate will have to keep in mind that it is going to be a process to put this together and a lot of storage is going to be needed for their clientele. Generally, websites and web design are going to cost Allocate anywhere from $1,000 t $2,500. Allocate will create Jobs for this new system, and they will have to advertise or promote within in order to fill those Jobs, but this will be very minimal cost to Allocate. The company expects to have a gross profit in the first year of u to the amount of claims that are not going to need claims adjuster to visit sites to assess the damage personally. The targeted output rate is 1,000,000, and with the average of 86% of all applicants that start the claim online actually finish it, that leaves 860,000 people that use the online claims and pricing. Allocate does not expect any losses with the new market plan. Success Plan Measurement There are several ways to measure the success of Lactates marketing plan. For Allocate to accurately measure their success plan they must start with the end in mind (Dyke, 2014). One of the first things to do is ask why the project began and what the goals are. Companies cannot lose sight of why they started something. Once that drive is lost the campaign goes under and the company is next. Numbers do not lie, so if the marketing plan is working it will show in revenue. Dyke (2014), Measure success on your marketing programs ability to meet the needs or desired outcomes of an objective. Remember your business planning here start with setting your goals, list objectives that meet these goals and then identify tactics that will achieve realistic and tangible) (Para. 3). To start tracking progress and success, Allocate must determine who their audience is. Having a newsletter can be the turning point for a business. You can see which articles have the most readers and track statistics. Dyke 2014, Begin to gather intelligence around the readers interest in the topic, taking the newsletter from a passive strategy to an interactive strategy, and one that can be measured. At the bottom of each online article, give readers several options. They can comment or ask questions, request that a lawyer call them, request a white paper or a helpful form or hecklers youve developed, or they can register for topical events. Remember, your responsiveness to requests is critical in developing relationships (Para. 0). Next, reducing that amount spent on proposals and pitches will help to increase rates in other areas. Get to know clients rather than Just what they think they want. Allocate must stay one step ahead of the competition to succeed. Many say the perception is reality, so it is imperative to know exactly what Lactates clients think about them. This can be done by implementing satisfaction surveys for the clients to ensure all their needs are met. All threats or problems acknowledged or revealed by the client must be handled swiftly.

U4 Research Project Example

U4 Research Project Example U4 Research Project – Coursework Example Shared Folder vs. NTFS Permissions & Distributed File System Sharing permissions in windows computers are available for both drivers and folders depending on the degree of access allowed by the user. NT File System (NTFS) permissions are used in drives that are formatted with NTFS. The permission is granted at the Windows logon and applies to all users irrespective of the location. Shared permission and NTFS permission have one thing in common: preventing unauthorized access.Shared Folder vs. NTFS PermissionsShaded folder permissions become effective when folders are being accessed across multiple user accounts or over a network. They are used in managing computers having FAT32 file system or those that are not using NTFS file system. Shared folders helps network users to access file resources. Share permission settings have the following options: Full Control, Read & Change. However, NTFS permission provides security in a wide range because they can be assigned to individual files a nd folders. NTFS permission controls access to both network and on local computers. The available account options include Individual users, specific or group users. For instance, in the application folder, shared permissions allow Read permission to users group. However, NTFS permission allows Read, Read and Execute to the user’s group.NTFS can hold up to 255 characters long in files and folder names. Names are not case-sensitive in NTFS but are case-preserving. However, when a POSIX application is used in the file name, it will be case-sensitive. It can support partitions greater than 400MB due to the overhead involved. NTFS supports compression of files where it can reduce the text file size by 50%. NTFS partition permits access of files by Macintosh users.NTFS provides various merits pertaining to security as well as functionality with the help of reparse points. NTFS provides security as its primary merits. NTFS requires a smaller default cluster size, therefore, by reduc ing cluster size it will improve the efficiency of storage as it will reduce sector slack. However, NTFS partition can increase fragmentation of files that will affect the output (Shapiro & Jeffrey, 2008, p. 460). NTFS provides support to disk quotas which helps in management of the storage space.Notes1. Reparse points as used in this paper means NTFS objects that are responsible for carrying special attribute tagsReferencesKenneth Gregg, B. S. (1999). Microsoft Windows NT Server Administrators Bible. Wiley.Lee Hadfield, D. H. (1997). Windows NT Server 4 Security Handbook. Pearson P T R.Shapiro, J. R. (2008). Windows Server 2008 Bible. John Wiley & Sons.Sommerville, I. (2001). Software Engineering. England: Pearson Education Limited.Distributed File System (DFS)It refers to a client/server based application system that authorizes clients to have access of the data stored on the server over several computers and to process it as though it is confined in a single computer (Sommerville , 2001, p. 240). It applies to Window Server: 2003, 2003 R2 with SP1 and that with SP2. Users are not confined to a particular actual physical location of files to allow them to have access of them but distribute file system help them in consolidating them as though they resides on a single server. When modifying file locations or when users need authenticity to access multiple targets, you should use DFS.There are two major ways of implementing DFS, namely:1. Stand-alone root DFS2. Domain DFSDFS helps users in accessing files easily. Users can access several files spread across multiple servers with ease as they will not rely on multiple drive mappings to have access to the files. Services that may require the server to be taken offline for maintenance purposes are being accomplished without Web servers being disrupted. The DFS mapping is being published by the Windows Server 2003 system to Active Directory. This ensures that Domain DFS retain access to users’ files. DFS als o helps in providing security for the files and folders with the help of standard NTFS as well as file sharing permissions.ReferencesKenneth Gregg, B. S. (1999). Microsoft Windows NT Server Administrators Bible. Wiley.Lee Hadfield, D. H. (1997). Windows NT Server 4 Security Handbook. Pearson P T R.Services, E. E. (2010). Information Storage and Management. Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.Shapiro, J. R. (2008). Windows Server 2008 Bible. John Wiley & Sons.Sommerville, I. (2001). Software Engineering. England: Pearson Education Limited.

Predicción temporada huracanes 2019 y cómo informarse

Prediccià ³n temporada huracanes 2019 y cà ³mo informarse Segà ºn las à ºltimas predicciones, la temporada de huracanes de 2019 para la cuenca Atlntica tendr un nà ºmero de tormentas tropicales y huracanes considerado normal. Puntos clave: huracanes 2019 en la cuenca Atlntica La temporada de huracanes corre del 1 de junio al 30 de noviembre.En 2019 se esperan al menos tres huracanes de categorà ­a 3 o superior.Telà ©fono de FEMA: 800–621–3362.En algunos casos, es posible recuperar el dinero de vacaciones canceladas por un huracn. En 2019, se esperan 12 tormentas tropicales con vientos superiores a 39 millas por hora y cinco huracanes, de los cuales tres podrà ­an alanzar las 111 millas por hora y, por lo tanto, superar el nivel 3 en la escala Saffir–Simpson. Esas son las à ºltimas predicciones efectuadas por la Administracià ³n Nacional Ocenica y Atmosfà ©rica (NOAA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), la Universidad de Colorado y el Tropical Storm Risk. Por otra parte, Por otra parte, la Weather Company, propiedad de IBM, y la Universidad de Carolina del Norte estiman que la temporada de huracanes 2019 en el Atlntico ser muy poco ms activa que las predicciones seà ±aladas anteriormente, ya que prevà ©n que habr ms tormentas tropicales y, posiblemente, entre cinco y siete huracanes. Sin embargo, coinciden con las predicciones anteriores al prever solo entre dos o tres los huracanes que superarn el nivel 3. Cules son las zonas de EE.UU. que pueden verse afectadas por un huracn En los Estados Unidos,  los huracanes afectan principalmente a tres reas: Golfo de Mà ©xico: Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi y la costa occidental de FloridaEstados atlnticos sureà ±os:  Florida, Georgia, Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte.Caribe, incluyendo el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico y las Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas. Aunque no se puede descartar que afecte duramente a otros estados, por ejemplo, Sandy en 2012, que golpeà ³ duramente al estado de Nueva York. Por otro lado, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en otros paà ­ses,  es muy raro que los huracanes toquen tierra en los estados estadounidenses del Pacà ­fico. Por ejemplo, desde 1900 sà ³lo dos tormentas tropicales tocaron California.   Lo mismo puede decirse del archipià ©lago de Hawaii que no ha registrado ciclones tropicales desde los aà ±os 50. Sin embargo, son mucho ms frecuentes y daà ±inos en Mà ©xico. Cà ³mo estar informado sobre un huracn que se acerca y refugio para indocumentados Si hay una tormenta tropical o un huracn con posibilidad de acercarse a las costas de Estados Unidos es imposible no enterarse, ya que la noticia es seguida detalladamente por todos los medios de comunicacià ³n, tanto en inglà ©s como en espaà ±ol, como por ejemplo en las cadenas de televisià ³n Telemundo y Televisa. Para informacià ³n sobre quà © hacer, un buen lugar es la pgina web de la Cruz Roja americana. Tambià ©n  la pgina oficial del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos ready.gov, para obtener datos sobre cà ³mo prepararse y la Agencia Federal de Manejo de Emergencias, tambià ©n conocida por las siglas de FEMA y que tiene informacià ³n en espaà ±ol. En los à ºltimos aà ±os se ha producido una gran controversia sobre si era seguro para los migrantes indocumentados solicitar ayuda en bancos de alimentos y refugiarse en albergues  en situaciones de desastre natural producido por un huracn. Tanto ICE como la Patrulla Fronteriza ,hasta el momento, han declarado que no harà ­an detenciones en esos lugares, si bien conviene informarse a travà ©s de medios confiables. La mayorà ­a de refugios no dependen de ningà ºn tipo de gobierno, ni del federal, ni del estatal ni de la municipalidad. Y en refugios administrados por comunidades locales, la Cruz Roja, iglesias, etc no pregunta a ninguna persona por estatus migratorio. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que los retenes de control de estatus migratorio sà ­ pueden estar abiertos e ICE ha advertido en los à ºltimos aà ±os que puede arrestar a migrantes indocumentados detectados en dichos controles.  ¿Quà © hacer si se tienen planeadas las vacaciones en à ©poca de huracanes? Si el lugar planeado para las vacaciones se encuentra en una zona afectada por huracanes, es recomendable reservar en un hotel con garantà ­a  de reintegrar el dinero en caso de huracn categorà ­a 1 o superior. Como por ejemplo en la cadena Starwood Hotels Resorts que incluye marcas conocidas como Aloft, Le Meridien, Sheraton, St. Regis, W y Westin. Comprar un seguro de viaje  que cubra esta posibilidad. Sà ³lo se reintegrar la cantidad asegurada. Como regla general se requiere que se compre  al menos 24 horas  antes de que se asigne nombre a una tormenta tropical. Nombres de tormentas tropicales y huracanes temporada 2019 La Organizacià ³n Metereolà ³gica Mundial es la encargada de dar nombre a las tormentas tropicales y huracanes, alternando nombres de varà ³n y de mujer. Para la temporada de 2019 que comienza oficialmente el 1 de junio y se extiende al 30 de noviembre, los nombres adjudicados son los siguientes: ​​AndreaBarryChantalDorianErinFernandGabrielleHumbertoImeldaJerryKarenLorenzoMelissaNestorOlgaPabloRebekahSebastienTanyaVanWendy Los huracanes ms mortales  en la historia de los Estados Unidos Estos son los cinco huracanes que se consideran que han  sido los ms mortales en EE.UU.: En primer lugar, el huracn de Galveston, Texas, de 1900, que dejà ³ entre 8.000 y 12.000 muertos. El segundo lugar, lo ocuparà ­a el huracn Marà ­a, que golpeà ³ duramente Puerto Rico en 2017. Segà ºn un estudio de la Universidad de Harvard, el nà ºmero de fallecidos directa e indirectamente asciende a 4645, a pesar de que el nà ºmero oficial y directo es de 64 và ­ctimas mortales. El tercer huracn que causà ³ ms muertes es el Okeechobee, tambià ©n conocido como San Felipe Segundo, que dejà ³ 2.500 fallecidos en Puerto Rico y Florida. El cuarto lugar lo ocupan los huracanes de la temporada de 1893. El sexto, que golpeà ³ Savannah, Georgia, y dejà ³ 2.000 fallecidos. Finalmente, el huracn Katrina en  2005 dejà ³ 1.500 muertos.. Aunque cuando tocà ³ tierra en Louisiana ya era categorà ­a 3, lo cierto es que su daà ±o fue causado no tanto por la fortaleza del viento sino por la gran extensià ³n afectada por vientos fuertes continuos. El gran desastre se produjo cuando se rompieron los diques en el rà ­o Mississippi y el 80 por ciento de la ciudad de Nueva Orlens se inundà ³, quedando sumergida en algunos puntos. Huracanes ms costosos en historia de Estados Unidos Los cinco huracanes ms costosos son los siguientes: Harvey, que golpeà ³ Texas en 2017: 125 mil millones de dà ³lares  Katrina, que tocà ³ tierra en Louisiana en 2005: 100 mil millones de dà ³laresMarà ­a, que arrasà ³ Puerto Rico en 2017: 90 mil millones de dà ³laresSandy, que afectà ³ en 2012 a 24 estados y golpeà ³ duramente Nueva York: 70 mil millones de dà ³laresIrma, que causà ³ daà ±o en 2017 en Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas, Puerto Rico y Florida: 50 mil millones de dà ³lares. De los cinco huracanes ms daà ±inos desde el punto de vista econà ³mico, tres se produjeron en 2017. Para estar informado a la à ºltima en predicciones sobre la temporada de huracanes, se puede consultar la pgina oficial en espaà ±ol del tiempo y customizarla segà ºn el lugar en el que se reside o al que se planea viajar. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Can we apply Hobbes argument about the state of nature to Essay

Can we apply Hobbes argument about the state of nature to international relations - Essay Example In this regard, the state of nature considers men to be in a competition with each other for resources that include food, for example. As a result, they tend to distrust and fear one another thus instigating a pre-emptive attack due to the quest to maximise their own interests at the expense of other people. On the other hand, difference, emanates from the desire for natural equality and the fear factor that eventually leads to war. On this note, the state of nature suggests that, the alternative option for removing the contributory factors to conflict is to embrace the state by surrendering sovereignty to the Leviathan in order to enjoy security and order. According to Hobbes, the international sphere exists in a form of the state of nature (1985, p.37). This paper explores whether Hobbes argument about the state of nature can apply to international relations. While international relations emphasises a peaceful co-existence between sovereign states, the Hobbesian view focuses on the defensive character of states. This makes it difficult to apply the Hobbesian argument in international relations because; it discards the moral principles that guide the relations among states. Hobbes advances five conditions for the state of nature that includes equality, competition, and the existence of two types of people, non- universal egoism and uncertainty. With regard to equality, Hobbesian view reiterates that people possess almost equal mental and physical capabilities. As a result, those regarded as weak also have enough power either mental or physical to destroy the strongest. The competition caused by scarcity of resources also creates a situation where everyone grapples for the same unlimited resources. The Hobbesian view further associates the scarce resource with power since not everyone can amass power. In this sense, power is often a preserve for a few individuals in the society who tend to maximise it for their own self-interest (Hampton, 1987,

LOG503 Managing Logistics Operations (MOD 2) SLP Essay

LOG503 Managing Logistics Operations (MOD 2) SLP - Essay Example The logistical system of Wal-mart must work flawlessly so as to be able to manage such a big store. Wal-mart has a distribution system that distributes nearly 85 percent of the total wares sold in its own stores (Atchmeyer, 2002). Wal-mart’s major aim is to sell its goods at the lowest price possible (Atchmeyer, 2002; Mohan, 2003). To achieve this, Wal-Mart obtains goods directly from the manufacturers and sells them directly to its retail customers bypassing all intermediaries (Mohan, 2003). Thus Wal-mart has its own distribution centers strategically located at different locations all over the US. The strategy employed here is that one distribution store can serve 150-200 stores (Atchmeyer, 2002). This has made sure that the stores no matter how far they are are within one day’s driving distance (Atchmeyer, 2002). The distribution centres operate 24 hours a day because the conveyer belts are laser-guided (Atchmeyer, 2002). An advanced opportunistic cross-docking procedure is in use; as the goods are picked directly from the manufacturer’s premises and directly taken to the retail consumers. This ensures that the systems are very efficient as well as they do not need to store the material (Atchmeyer, 2002). It is basically from the stores directly to the shelves. The company owns a fleet of over 12,000 trailers 3,000 trucks (Mohan, 2003). In contrast to its competitors who subcontract the trucking services (Magretta, 2002). Additionally, the company is quite meticulous in hiring its drivers. For a driver to qualify to work for Wal-Mart, they got to have a track record of over 300,000 accident free miles without any major traffic violations (Mohan, 2003). Wal-Mart has developed a number of methods to individually deal with each of its stores inventory (Magretta, 2002). The solutions are tailor made for each individual store in order to cover the logistical challenges posed. These measures

On being the youngest Essay Example for Free

On being the youngest Essay I hate being the baby! Thats a common statement one hears all too often. Im the youngest one in my family,and the only girl among two brothers at that. Quite a number of my friends are the eldest among their siblings, and from what Ive heard from them, their little sisters and brothers are probably just a few years away from the friendly neighbourhood psychiatrist. What with all the abuse, its a miracle how they avoid becoming physically and emotionally retarded. ( sorry guys, I just had to stand up for those poor kids! ). However, I firmly believe that every cloud has a silver lining, even if its not always visible. Being the youngest, we do gain a few vital skills to survive in this dog eat dog world. In the process of getting pinched, slapped, punched, and kicked around by our older siblings, we develop a strong retaliation mindset that keeps us from being obliterated by our demented siblings. You decapitated my Tropical Swimsuit Barbie ? Look, your Hot Wheels were so hot, they melted! Undoubtedly, my brothers have suffered the wrath of my active self-defence mechanism more than once. Even if I fail to get back at them physically (Im just a gentle, innocent girl, okay? ), I generally make sure they pay by spiriting away their beloved possessions. Its amazing how many nooks and crannies one can find in a standard double- storeyed house. Sure, its mean, petty, spiteful and selfish, but hey, who ever said anything about being an angel? Once, I remember grabbing hold of a handful of my brothers beloved computer games and throwing them over the gate onto the path of an incoming car. I got a pretty good hiding for it, but ahhh, the satisfying sound of cds cracking under pressure out-weighed the punishment by about a hundred times. As the youngest, we are the worker ants around the house. That is, when our parents are not in. As a result, we acquire very important characteristics such as being responsible, efficient, hardworking, etc. Theres this really misguided notion that the queen bees are always the responsible ones. All they do is to order us around, belting out commands like a drill sergeant. Being the only girl in the household during my mums absence, I get ample preparation for a future married life (or as one would think, a future career as a house-maid ). Being the youngest too means that my brothers become deaf to any kind- hearted suggestions I have to increase their work efficiency. (eg. Why dont you just get your lazy butt off the floor? ) With all the practice we get, most of us have the persuading skills of a politician. I find this especially useful when Im short of pocket money. After a few minutes of manja-ing, my purse would be filled to the brim again! (Like magic! ) I guess this is a privilege available only to us. Somehow, older siblings who act manja are not generally accepted by society. Those who have the audacity to do so are usually met with the curt dont-pretend-to-be-cute reply. Still, not everything we gain by being the youngest is good. Havent you noticed? The youngest one is almost always the fattest. Sadly, Im a living testament to this. While both my brothers are lean, slim and thin, Ive always been kind of chubby my whole life. The last cookie left? Let your sis have it lar. The last piece of pizza? Give your sis All this food stuffing has left its mark on me physically. (Sigh) Well, I guess you just cant have your cake and eat it too literally. All in all, I think life was intended to be a bed of roses for us young ones. Unfortunately though, a few durian husks got in the mix. However, at the end of the day, what really matters is having a family that loves you and cares for you, regardless of whether youre the eldest, the youngest, the in betweens, or even the only child.

Saint Thomas Aquinas Five Proofs for the Existence of God Essay

Saint Thomas Aquinas' Five Proofs for the Existence of God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientific reasoning has brought humanity to incredibly high levels of sophistication in all realms of knowledge. For Saint Thomas Aquinas, his passion involved the scientific reasoning of God. The existence, simplicity and will of God are simply a few topics which Aquinas explores in the Summa Theologica. Through arguments entailing these particular topics, Aquinas forms an argument that God has the ability of knowing and willing this particular world of contingent beings. The contrasting nature of necessary beings and contingent beings is at the heart of this debate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aquinas sets up this argument in his discussion of whether or not God exists. His five proofs set up the framework for much of his later writings in the Summa Theologica. As with the five proofs in their entirety, most of Aquinas’ reasoning stems from the third proof concerning the existence of God. The first two proofs lead to the third’s conclusion that God is "esse a se", or to be of itself. From this conclusion of God as an infinite being, Aquinas moves to the third question, concerning the simplicity of God. In article four of question three, Aquinas determines that God is ultimately simple in that his essence does not differ from his being. He writes, "Therefore, since in God there is no potentiality, it follows that in Him essence does not differ from being. Therefore, His essence is His being." God is an unchanging, infinite being. There is no conceivable way in which he could have parts, such as a separate being and a separate essence. From these proofs and others, Aquinas determines that God is an all knowing, perfectly good, perfectly powerful being. Moving back to the third proof of the existence of God, Aquinas determines that God is the ultimate being and that his existence precludes the existence of contingent beings. The notion entails the idea that without infinity, finite beings would not exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aquinas also addresses the issue of the simplicity of God. From a series of logical steps, he concludes that God is altogether simple. He says, God is "neither a composition of quantitative parts, since He is not a body; nor composition of form and matter; nor does his nature differ from his suppositum." It only makes logical sense that God, not existing in any physical sense, could not have physica... ...sary and contingent beings. Evil is not a consequence of the will of God rather it is a lack of good. Aquinas also says that evil in the world is unavoidable. In Question 2, article 3, Aquinas says that God allows evil in order to produce good out of the existence of evil. The existence of evil in the world is indirect. Also, it would seem that God, being all powerful, could eliminate evil in the world but this has not happened. Aquinas reasons this out by discussing the two types of evil, natural and moral. For example, a person dying is often the result of natural events in the community and this person’s death opens up resources for others who are still alive. The sense of competition in this world adds a sense of necessity to death. There cannot be life without death. This is a similar situation to evil, in that good cannot exist without evil. Natural rules and laws are put into place to make this world, one in which God willed a sense of morals, exist, so natural evil and suffering must exist. With free will, there must be choice. Therefore, evil must exist because human beings make the wrong choices. We are not perfectly good. Things like temptation are part of who we are. Saint Thomas Aquinas' Five Proofs for the Existence of God Essay Saint Thomas Aquinas' Five Proofs for the Existence of God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientific reasoning has brought humanity to incredibly high levels of sophistication in all realms of knowledge. For Saint Thomas Aquinas, his passion involved the scientific reasoning of God. The existence, simplicity and will of God are simply a few topics which Aquinas explores in the Summa Theologica. Through arguments entailing these particular topics, Aquinas forms an argument that God has the ability of knowing and willing this particular world of contingent beings. The contrasting nature of necessary beings and contingent beings is at the heart of this debate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aquinas sets up this argument in his discussion of whether or not God exists. His five proofs set up the framework for much of his later writings in the Summa Theologica. As with the five proofs in their entirety, most of Aquinas’ reasoning stems from the third proof concerning the existence of God. The first two proofs lead to the third’s conclusion that God is "esse a se", or to be of itself. From this conclusion of God as an infinite being, Aquinas moves to the third question, concerning the simplicity of God. In article four of question three, Aquinas determines that God is ultimately simple in that his essence does not differ from his being. He writes, "Therefore, since in God there is no potentiality, it follows that in Him essence does not differ from being. Therefore, His essence is His being." God is an unchanging, infinite being. There is no conceivable way in which he could have parts, such as a separate being and a separate essence. From these proofs and others, Aquinas determines that God is an all knowing, perfectly good, perfectly powerful being. Moving back to the third proof of the existence of God, Aquinas determines that God is the ultimate being and that his existence precludes the existence of contingent beings. The notion entails the idea that without infinity, finite beings would not exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aquinas also addresses the issue of the simplicity of God. From a series of logical steps, he concludes that God is altogether simple. He says, God is "neither a composition of quantitative parts, since He is not a body; nor composition of form and matter; nor does his nature differ from his suppositum." It only makes logical sense that God, not existing in any physical sense, could not have physica... ...sary and contingent beings. Evil is not a consequence of the will of God rather it is a lack of good. Aquinas also says that evil in the world is unavoidable. In Question 2, article 3, Aquinas says that God allows evil in order to produce good out of the existence of evil. The existence of evil in the world is indirect. Also, it would seem that God, being all powerful, could eliminate evil in the world but this has not happened. Aquinas reasons this out by discussing the two types of evil, natural and moral. For example, a person dying is often the result of natural events in the community and this person’s death opens up resources for others who are still alive. The sense of competition in this world adds a sense of necessity to death. There cannot be life without death. This is a similar situation to evil, in that good cannot exist without evil. Natural rules and laws are put into place to make this world, one in which God willed a sense of morals, exist, so natural evil and suffering must exist. With free will, there must be choice. Therefore, evil must exist because human beings make the wrong choices. We are not perfectly good. Things like temptation are part of who we are.

Peace On Earth Essay

Peace is something that many of us hope for on Earth. It is something that many people work for, strive for and die for. But is it possible? Is it possible to unite the countries of the world and live in peace and harmony? Is it possible to unify religions, cultures, and races to ultimately achieve, what many beauty pageant contestants, call, â€Å"World Peace†? Good evening adjudicators and fellow students. Peace is defined as â€Å"a state of mutual harmony between people or groups†. This statement tells us that Peace on Earth is something that cannot be kept by force, it can only be achieved by mutual understanding among people. There are many different ways to reflect on the word ‘peace’. I always thought of peace as a state of which our world got along, one country to another. I also thought of peace as a state of calmness between people where fighting or disagreement does not exist. I feel that today the pen is mightier than the sword; and many treati es and negotiations have ended wars because people are willing to sit down and discuss their issues. However, I believe in our lifetimes, the entire world will not be completely at peace, since there are so many different opinions between world leaders. Peace in the world starts with each and every one of us. It is a blossoming flower whose quintessence can be felt by each and every soul. As I find my own inner peace, I spread that into the world outside of myself. After all, â€Å"Peace comes from within. Do not seek without it† as The Buddha once said. So from our own inner peace, we therefore become messengers of peace among the people with who we interact with. So from our small group of family and friends, to casual acquaintances, to our various communities. As those communities become more peaceful, then cities and states become more peaceful. As cities and states become more peaceful, nations become more peaceful. As nations become more peaceful, the world becomes more peaceful. And this whole snowball effect, begins with our own search for inner peace. Thus we each ne ed to plant the seeds of kindness and peace in the world, one thought at a time, one decision at a time, one act at a time, and one day at a time. The United Nations is an organisation born to save the world from the scourge of war. After the Cold war, fought between USA and USSR, the world was plagued with conflict, and peace had been lost on earth. The United Nations was an instrument to regain and maintain peace and harmony on earth. Today, the United Nations plays an important role (directly or indirectly) in shaping  the events of the world to promote harmony, the protection of human rights and peace on Earth. In the words of Ronald Regan, â€Å"Peace is not absence of conflict, it is the ability to handle conflict by peaceful means.† Even recently the United Nations has used its power to try settle ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, by calling an immediate and comprehensive ceasefire. This temporary truce has been enforced since the 12th of February this, however conflict still remains in the region. This fragile true has allowed vital humanitarian efforts by the UN to increase, to the victims. With the death toll set to soar over the already, staggering number of 5700, this ceasefire has given hope to thousands of innocent people, caught in the crossfire. Our power of love has been completely replaced by our love for power. I feel that this conveys the idea that, depending on life’s challenges, peace is truly hard to achieve at all times. The fragile condition of our earth; bloodsheds, and terrorism, are threatening the very foundations of world peace. The things we could do if some nations could put an end to their power hunger, and plundering of neighbouring countries to expand their territories. Take the likes of Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi. These are all glittering examples of patriots who sacrificed their lives for peace in their country. In Summation, Peace on Earth is the mother of progress. Without it, a nation, let alone a world cannot make any progress. For peace is a blossoming flower, growing in each and every one of us. Also, our power of love has been completely replaced by our love for power. However, I think we can change this, correction I know we can change this. Nevertheless some believe that human nature ultimately prevents world peace. What do I think about world peace? I think there is indeed no such way to peace, rather peace is the way to make a better world.

A Beautiful & Efficient City Developed in the United States

Portland is one of the most beautiful and efficient cities ever developed in the United States. It is surrounded by the rich soil and forestry as well as the mountains and rivers that Oregon has to offer. From personal experiences, I can tell you that it is one of the most breathtaking picturesque places in the Country. However, developers see this place as an asset to their financial prosperity rather than a peaceful place. They want to continue with the latest trend by developing more shopping complexes outside of the city. And not only that but, also destroy historical buildings downtown for an expressway. Oregon†s rich country and growth are becoming a threat to its own well being. That is why it is necessary for Oregon to continue with their zoning laws. In attempt to rescue their city in 1978, they approved the nation†s first directly elected metropolitan government, which coordinated the growth-management plans of three counties and twenty-four municipalities in the Portland metropolitan region. This government set aside an area of 234,000 acres which would be solely used for developing for the next 20 years. Everything else would be left for nature. That government would also look over each development plan in that area before it was constructed. This ensured nothing would be too drastic and ruin the atmosphere of the city. As a matter of fact the city was developed so that no buildings would block the view of Mount Hood, and so that no skyscrapers would run up against the river†s edge. Transportation was another problem for Oregon. The developers were constantly trying to demolish historic buildings to make way for freeways. Mayor Goldschmidt†s response was, â€Å"But in the rush to grab federal highway funds, cities built highways indiscriminately, against their long term interests, paving the way toward decentralization, disinvestment, and ultimate decay (Moe and Wilkie 220). † Instead, Portland wanted to do something else with their funds. Portland did not want little parking lots filling the city from all of the cars coming from the suburbs. Goldschmidt†s words were, â€Å"We have a downtown plan, an economic study, that says don†t have these little, small postage-stamp lots. They†re bad for circulation. They†re bad for air quality. And they frustrate the parkers who expect to find parking when they get to these lots, but there isn†t any there (Moe and Wilkie). † Instead they constructed a fifteen-mile light-rail line to the eastern suburbs in the 1980†³s. It was free for the users in the downtown zone. Within fifteen years, employment rose from under 60,000 in 1970, to over 100,000 in 1995. The restoration of downtown Portland was the key ingredient their success. Owners of downtown structures that were rotting were given a tax break on those buildings in order for the people to be able to afford restoring them. Then one developer and property owner, Bill Naito, donated a huge space of land right downtown for a Saturday Market. This Saturday Market gave people a chance to walk the streets and shop around for art, music, instruments, clothing, and other novelties. It brought the community together. Though sprawl could not be avoided, it is possible to control it. Portland designed its outer suburbs so most things would be in walking distance. This would keep the city clean of autos and congestion. From personal experience I can tell you that Portland is a city worth saving. Its downtown atmosphere welcomes you and gives you a comfortable setting. You can see the wonders of nature and breathe clean air while in the city. Everything is also accessible without a car. These things are not worth throwing away. Developers are trying to erase Portland†s identity and create another no-name metropolis which launders the own developer†s money. It is the same deal with the residents of the north Virginia Piedmont. These Virginians do not need a Disney theme park or the expressway that is attached to it. That historic land is there for a reason, for us to remember our past and keep our identity. When that is destroyed so is our heritage. People need to have pride in their environment, otherwise it will go to waste. Portland takes care of it is people and of its environment. That is why it is such a prosperous community. Many well-respected people have commented on the beauty of the city. Why let it be ruined for large buildings only to be made vacant in a matter of decades? The city has thrived successfully without the aid of major developments, thus demonstrating that major developments are not needed for every city. And Portland is a city that should stay free.

Their benefits aside, human diets are polluting the environment and sending animals to extinction.

Their benefits aside, human diets are polluting the environment and sending animals to extinction. Introduction The fact that the environment and the entire ecosystem have been left unstable in the recent times is in no doubt. However what has continued to evoke many debates is whether humans have had a hand in this unfortunate situation, and if so, by what extent. Though many feel that humans have had a thing to do in this and could do much better in sustaining the environment, some feel that this is a natural occurrence and nature should be left to take its course.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Their benefits aside, human diets are polluting the environment and sending animals to extinction. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper explores how man has affected the ecosystem, and specifically so through his diet, and what could be done to put the situation back on track. It is essential that human beings balance their diet. A normal human being is required to take 1,200 calories through the three major meal s he/she has in a day .However, in trying to achieve this environment has been left compromised through the following ways. Excessive harvest of animals in search of various meats is leading to their extinction. Animals are the chief source of proteins and fats which human beings are in need of. Fats are very important in body heat regulation. On the other hand, proteins make the body tissues and up to 15-20% of the calories taken should be made up of proteins. Although this is the case, the animal community is being pushed to the extreme in trying to feed the ever growing population. This has been done through directly hunting down animals and robbing them of their habitats as people clear forests and bushes to create farms. Researchers have shown that some animal and fish species risk being swept off the face of the earth if strict measures are not put into place. This is largely due to their nutritional value. Tuna and sharks are some of the fish species that are facing extinctio n due to the nutritional richness their soup contain. However, human exploitation has been so extensive that some species may never be recovered fully and if it does, could take ages. Allendorf and Hard (2012) observe that: Evolution brought about by human harvest might greatly increase the time required for over-harvested populations to recover once harvest is curtailed because harvesting often creates selection differentials, whereas curtailing harvest will often result in less intense selection in the opposing direction. (p. 1) The need for preventive measures being preferred to reinstating measures is therefore important. Looking for alternative protein sources like legumes and exercising controlled and selective animal and fish harvesting should be embraced. Should we fail to do this, we may wake up one day to find nothing to harvest at all.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lea rn More Use of excessive fertilizers and pesticides in order to boost production is leading to environmental pollution and ecosystem instability. In order to meet food requirements for humans, different mechanisms have been put in place to increase productivity. Among these mechanisms, use of intensive fertilizers has been majored. This is particularly so because the more the population, the more mouths that require feeding. This is made worse by the fact that cultivation land continues to be limited. On top of the production advantages, Food and Agricultural Organization of The United Nations (1972) has observed that: The intensive use of fertilizer can benefit the environment indirectly in that, by increasing considerably the yields of foodstuffs per hectare, it allows withdrawing from cultivation land of low quality, such as steep land, land with shallow soils and land very susceptible to erosion. (p. 2) However these fertilizers have been employed in excess leading to en vironmental degradation .For starters, excess nitrates in the soil from fertilizers have been carried into rivers and lakes killing lots of organisms in water .Use of pesticides in farms has also interfered with pollination and caused a lot of poisoning in the air killing lots of birds and insects in the air. â€Å"A number of medical specialists have also expressed concern about the undesirable effects of high nitrate intake on human flesh† (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, 1972, p. 7) .It is therefore justifiable to say that although fertilizers and pesticides have been in handy in helping to boost human diet, they have also been poisonous and endangered the lives of many animals, fish, birds and even humans themselves. Food waste also plays a major part in polluting the environment. Most developed countries especially in the west are facing problems dealing with waste that result from food or the entire food that is not eaten but dumped in landfills. â €Å"Once this food gets to the landfill, it then generates methane, a greenhouse gas 23 times as potent as carbon dioxide in trapping heat within our atmosphere† (Schiller, Cambridge M.A, 2010, p.1).Therefore this means that as humans try to satisfy themselves diet wise, they are polluting the environment in the process by not exhausting what they have in their plates.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Their benefits aside, human diets are polluting the environment and sending animals to extinction. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Venkat (2012) notes that â€Å"the climate change impact of food as quantified by life-cycle GHG emissions is a more complete measure of environmental impact than embedded energy or barrels of oil.†(p.432).It should also be noted that most food thrown out as garbage has already been cooked and the cooking oil used is filtered into the soil rendering it infertile and unproduct ive. On top of these, emissions evoked by vehicles during the transportation of food waste to landfills also pollute the air. Proper measures should be put into place therefore to reduce the amount of food thrown as garbage. People should therefore make use of freezers to keep food fresher for longer instead of dumping it. People should also be encouraged to only shop food quantities that can be easily exhausted instead of buying large quantities only to end them as garbage. If this is not done, the environment will continue being held at the mercy of food waste. In conclusion, human diets are one of the main reasons behind environmental degradation. This is because of the processes involved in achieving them as well as the result of their achievement as noted above by the implications of food wastage. The key lies therefore in efforts to try to sustain population as its rise has had a lot of negative consequences as mechanisms continue to be drawn to make sure humans are fed with t he perfect diet worldwide. References Allendorf, W.F., Hard, J.J. (2012) Human induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of  America.p1-13. Web. Cambridge, MA, Schiller, M. (2010). How food waste affects our environment. Modern Hippie  Magazine, 1-10 Web. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. (1972) .Effects of intensive fertilizer use on  human environment. Rome: Author. Venkat, K, (2012). The climate change and economic impacts of food waste in the United States. International Journal on Food System Dynami, 431-446. Retrieved from cleanmetrics.com/Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Biography of Giordano Bruno, Scientist and Philosopher

Biography of Giordano Bruno, Scientist and Philosopher Giordano Bruno (1548–1600) was an Italian scientist and philosopher who espoused the Copernican idea of a heliocentric (sun-centered) universe as opposed to the churchs teachings of an Earth-centered universe. He also believed in an infinite universe with numerous inhabited worlds. Asked by the Inquisition to recant his beliefs, Bruno refused. He was tortured and burned at the stake for his outspoken beliefs. Fast Facts: Giordano Bruno Known For: Heretical views about astronomy and the nature of the universeAlso Known As: Filippo BrunoBorn: 1548 in Nola,  Kingdom of NaplesParents: Giovanni Bruno, Fraulissa SavolinoDied: February 17, 1600 in RomeEducation: Privately educated in a monastery and attended lectures at the Studium GeneralePublished Works:  The Art of Memory,  Concerning the Cause, Principle, and One, On the Infinite Universe and WorldsNotable Quote: The universe is then one, infinite, immobile...It is not capable of comprehension and therefore is endless and limitless, and to that extent infinite and indeterminable, and consequently immobile. Early Life Filippo (Giordano) Bruno was born in Nola, Italy in 1548; his father was Giovanni Bruno, a soldier, and his mother was Fraulissa Savolino. In 1561, he enrolled in school at the Monastery of Saint Domenico, best known for its famous member, Thomas Aquinas. Around this time, he took the name Giordano Bruno and within a few years had become a priest of the Dominican Order. Life in the Dominican Order Giordano Bruno was a brilliant, albeit eccentric, philosopher whose ideas rarely coincided with those of the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, he entered the Dominican  convent of San Domenico Maggiore in Naples in 1565 where he assumed the name Giordano. His outspoken and heretical beliefs were noted by his superiors, but he was nevertheless ordained as a priest in 1572 and sent back to Naples to continue his studies. While in Naples, Bruno discussed his heretical views aloud, including the Arian heresy which stated that Christ was not divine. These actions led to steps being taken toward a trial for heresy. He fled to Rome in 1576 and fled again in 1576 after some of his forbidden writings were uncovered. Leaving the Dominican order in 1576, Bruno wandered Europe as a traveling philosopher, lecturing in various universities. His chief claim to fame were the Dominican memory techniques he taught, bringing him to the attention of King Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England. Brunos memory enhancement techniques, including mnemonics, are described in his book, The Art of Memory and are still used today. Crossing Swords With the Church In 1583, Bruno moved to London and then to Oxford, where he presented lectures discussing the Copernican theory of a sun-centered universe. His ideas were met with a hostile audience, and, as a result, he returned to London where he became familiar with the major figures of the court of Elizabeth I. While in London, he also wrote a number of satirical works as well as his 1584 book, Dell Infinito, universo e mondi  (Of Infinity, the Universe, and the World). The book attacked the Aristotelian vision of the universe, and, building on the works of the Muslim philosopher Averroà «s, suggested that religion is a means to instruct and govern ignorant people, philosophy as the  discipline  of the elect who are able to behave themselves and govern others. He defended Copernicus and his sun-centered vision of the universe, and further argued that the universe was infinite, that it contained an infinite number of worlds, and that these are all inhabited by intelligent beings. Bruno continued his travels, writing and lecturing in England and Germany through 1591. During this time, Bruno both intrigued and angered local scholars. He was excommunicated in Helmstedt and asked to leave Frankfurt am Main, finally settling at a Carmelite monastery where he was described by the prior as â€Å"chiefly occupied in writing and in the vain and chimerical imagining of novelties.† Final Years In  August  1591, Bruno was invited to return to Italy and, in 1592, was denounced to the Inquisition by a disgruntled student. Bruno was arrested and immediately turned over to the Inquisition to be charged with heresy. Bruno spent the next eight years in chains in Castel Sant’Angelo, not far from the Vatican. He was routinely tortured and interrogated. This continued until his trial. Despite his predicament, Bruno remained true to what he believed to be true, stating to his Catholic Church judge, Jesuit Cardinal Robert Bellarmine, I neither ought to recant  nor will I. Even the death sentence handed down to him  did not change his attitude as he defiantly told his accusers, In pronouncing my sentence, your fear is greater than mine in hearing it. Death Immediately after the death sentence was handed down, Giordano Bruno was further tortured. On February 19, 1600, he was driven through the streets of Rome, stripped of his clothes and burned at the stake. Today, a statue of Bruno stands in the Campo de Fiori square in Rome. Legacy Bruno’s legacy of freedom of thought and his cosmological ideas had a significant impact on 17th and 18th century philosophical and scientific thought. On the other hand, while some of his ideas had merit and could be considered forward-thinking, others were based largely on magic and the occult. In addition, Brunos disregard for the politics of the day was the direct cause of his death. According to the Galileo Project, It is often maintained that Bruno was executed because of his Copernicanism and his belief in the infinity of inhabited worlds. In fact, we do not know the exact grounds on which he was declared a heretic because his file is missing from the records. Scientists such as Galileo and  Johannes Kepler  were not sympathetic to Bruno in their writings. Sources Aquilecchia, Giovanni. â€Å"Giordano Bruno.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica.Knox, Dilwyn. â€Å"Giordano Bruno.†Ã‚  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, 30 May 2018.The Galileo Project. Giordano Bruno.

An Analysis of Kristian Leven Photography in London Essay

An Analysis of Kristian Leven Photography in London - Essay Example This is unique from other wedding competitors that provide photography services with specific manufactured (posed) shots. Kristian Leven is able to stand out from competitors with his naturalistic approach to wedding photography that better captures special events and moments as they occur. 1.1 Methodology Research was gleaned for the report utilising a qualitative methodology, involving an open-ended interview structure with the sole proprietor, Kristian Leven. The interview occurred on April 5, 2013 and was scheduled for 45 minutes. Leven was proposed questions on such concepts as motivation, funding sources, problems that occur in daily business operations, the social environment, and the entrepreneurial marketing mix. Findings from the interviews were compared to theoretical secondary literature on entrepreneurship and small business management to determine correlations between theory and actual business practice; or to identify dissimilarities between theory and actual business management. 2.0 Funding sources for Kristian Leven Research indicates that credit cards are the most common funding source for entrepreneurs, due to tightened restrictions with banking institutions and other lenders associated with the credit crunch of 2007 and 2008 (Schmith 2008). Leven indicated that he achieved start-up funding by networking with family members in order to obtain an initial co-signed personal loan for ?5000. Leven further supplemented this funding for the start-up venture with a credit card by which he was able to procure equipment and initial inventories not covered by the personal loan that was utilised to set up a storefront. Leven had considered seeking out a private investor, however he was concerned about the potential of contractual agreements being established that guaranteed shared profitability. Leven trusted in his ability to grow the business revenues early that would provide him with the capital necessary to launch a successful photography business. Leven fit the profile of entrepreneurs that must rely on credit cards as a relevant funding source and networking with family members to achieve start-up capability. Leven had submitted a formal business plan to bankers when he was just 19 years old, but his plan was rejected as the lenders believed he was too young and inexperienced to successfully manage the business. Today, Leven is proud to announce an annual cash flow position of over ?200,000. 3.0 Networking Networking is, according to Leven, one of the most fundamental success factors for how Kristian Leven Photography has experienced growth and gained a positive brand reputation with satisfied customers. Leven does not consider his family members to be viable networks for operating or managing the business, or in improving its position. Leven had personal experience with a family-operated business during his childhood in which many disputes about operations and financing were present. This ties in closely with the theoretica l literature in which Johanisson and Monsted (1997) indicate there is no evidence available indicating that personal network capacity contributes to the success of the small business. Instead, Leven relies on professional networking, which are contacts that are developed through business operations. Leven indicated that nearly 80 percent of his business growth is attributed to word-of-mouth advertising that stems from satisfied clients with personal experien

Management assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management assignment - Essay Example My objective work objective for the future is to work with Saudi Aramco Company and head the marketing department. Being the national producer oil the company is in a very strategic sector considering that oil and gas account for a good proportion of the country’s total GDP. As a marketing manager with the company I will be able to develop and marketing strategies with the aim of growing the company’s profitability while at the same time serving the common good of the public. I will for instance want to see the company give back to the community through CSR, participate in sponsorship of sports and projects that enhance national unity. Also by growing Aramco’s sales I will indirectly touching on the lives of many persons since oil products form the backbone of Saudi’s economy. I think project management is very important and the skills learnt in the module will greatly help me my quest for achieving my wildly important goals. Skills such as working with different teams, diversity and divergent opinions as well as expatiations of budget, time frames and quality have really transformed by outlook. With these skills I believe I should be able to effectively achieve my wild goals and become a very successful global business

Critically discuss the proposition; ''organisational culture cannot be Essay

Critically discuss the proposition; ''organisational culture cannot be managed'' - Essay Example The move raises the question of how easy it is to manage or to change organisational cultures. There is widespread criticism of the common culture management approaches by various scholars; in recent studies, it is evidenced that managers are continually engaging themselves in planned cultural interventions (Griffin & Moorhead 2011). Their main concerns are that organisational cultures determine the image and the performances of organisations and failure to address the issue would signify failure in organisational goals. The studies indicate that managing organisational cultures is the most common and popular form of managerial interventions. Organisational atmospheres usually change and organisational cultures evolve with time and generations in an organisation (Alvesson, 2002). Organisations emerge because of a group of people having a common goal of working together to achieve a common goal. For a single person, the tasks would be challenging or impossible. The process it takes for organisational culture formation starts creation of small groups of individuals with a common idea or notion in organisational operations. These finally generate long-lasting organisational cultures that pass from one generation to another. In the past two decades, the issues of organisational culture have had much attention especially in the health sector. The Health sector is a critical area where cultures determine various aspects in the services and operations (Scott et al., 2003). In the UK, for example, the central governments have been actively promoting structural change in the UK National Health Services (NHS). It is in an effort to secure sufficient gains in the health care performance (Davies et al., 2000). The main goal of the central government policies lies on the development of cultural changes in view of structural change.

Case Study: Knee Injury Treatment

Case Study: Knee Injury Treatment Short case summary: 25 years old, female injured her right knee during basketball game. PCP evaluated her, gave her non-steroidal anti-inflammatory with P.T referral. Patient came 2 days after injury, with knee swelling and locking. . Patient pain and mechanism of injury are consistent with a medial meniscus injury. Diagnostic test: McMurrays test, was Positive with palpable click. Reliability of McMurrays test: Evans ET. al1 demonstrated a low level of agreement between the two examiners with inter-tester agreements ranging from poor for reproduction of a medial sensation (Kappa = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢0.10) to fair (K = +0.38) for lateral pain. Validity of McMurrays test: shortage of statistics in the literature increased the risk that the positive test criteria can change the test outcome, irrespective of whether the test was performed in the same manner on the same patient.1 I will change my first choice. McMurrays test alone is weak diagnostic tool for medial meniscus injury, the review2 has demonstrated that the inter-tester reliability and sensitivity (sensitivity ranged from 27% to 70%, specificity figures (29-96%) of the McMurrays test is relatively low. Another reading meta-analysis3,supported to use joint line tenderness test, McMurrays test, and Apleys test. I will add the other two tests to get strong diagnostic evidence for medial meniscus injury. Three special tests-McMurrays, joint line tenderness (JLT), and Apleys were included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity of McMurrays test is 70.5 (95% CI: 67.4 to 73.4) and its specificity of 71.1 (95% CI: 69.3 to 72.9). Joint line tenderness sensitivity of 63.3 (95% CI: 60.9 to 65.7) and its specificity of 77.4 (95% CI: 75.6 to 79.1). Sensitivity of Apleys test is 60.7 (95% CI: 55.7 to 65.5) and its specificity of 70.2 (95% CI: 68.0 to 72.4). Another reading4 supported Thessaly Test at 5 and 20 degrees (Evidence obtained from high quality randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, or diagnostic studies). Intervention: therapeutic exercises to restore muscular strength and aerobic fitness. I found two evidences for therapeutic exercise intervention. I think both are strong evidences. First one4: The supervised exercise group was significantly better than the home-based group regarding Sports Activity Rating scale and hop tests (Evidence level B).the same guidelines recommended that, Clinicians should consider a clinic-based exercise program in patients following arthroscopic meniscectomy to increase quadriceps strength and functional performance(Evidence level B). The second evidence5was meta-analysis and systematic review reported that: No studies described the effectiveness of exercise therapy compared to no exercise therapy in non-surgical patients with a meniscal lesion. I will not change my previous decision about therapeutic exercise as the main choice intervention for two reasons: First, the clinical guidelines support that choice with level B evidence. Second reason: although the second study is systematic review, meta-analysis study It didnt introduce a strong alternative to my choice. Outcome measure: lower extremity function scale (LEFS SCALE): The test evaluate the impairment of a patient with lower extremity musculoskeletal condition or disorders. Test measures initial function, progress of function, and outcome to design functional goals. In my case I use the LEFS for medial meniscus injury outcomes. Questionnaire is asked about 4 level of performance in 20 task questions that patient perform in daily life. Minimal score is 0(complete disability) and maximum score is 80(complete functional level) Minimal Detectable Change (MDC)6:Various Lower Extremity Injuries (medial meniscus injury): MDC= 9 points. Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID)6: Various Lower Extremity Injuries: MCID = 9 points. According to, Binkley ET al6. The LEFS isvalid compared to the SF-36 in target population, and reliable. The LEFS Sensitivity to outcome change was higher than the SF-36 in this population. The LEFS is applicable for clinical situations for individual patients and research. LEFS SCALE reliability: Test-retest Reliability, Various Lower Extremity Injuries: Excellent test-retest reliability for the entire sample (r = 0.86; 95% lower limit CI = 0.80) 6. Interrater/Intra-rater Reliability: Various Injuries of Lower Extremity: Excellent interrater reliability (r = 0.84)6 LEFS SCALE validity: Construct Validity: Various Lower Extremity Injuries: Excellent correlations between the LEFS scores and the SF-36 physical function subscale and physical component summary scores (r = 0.80; 95% lower limit CI=.73) and (r = 0.64; 95% lower limit CI = 0.54), Poor correlation between the LEFS scores and the SF-36 mental component summary scores (r = 0.30; 95% lower limit CI = 0.14)6 Another reference reported that, Lower Extremity Functional Scale may be an alternative to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function scale. I will not change the outcomes measurement (LEFS) for knee injuries, I personally, prefer LEFS scale for its ease way and quick appliance to the patient. More than one strong study support high evidence, validity and reliability of LEFS. : The LEFS has good measurement properties: test- retest reliability and cross-sectional construct validity and it could be an alternative to WOMAC-PF If I change the outcomes measure Ill use Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).Comparison between WOMAC scale and LEFS scale showed approximate results of strong evidence according to validity and reliability to the both scales. References: Evans PJ, Bell GD, Frank CY. Prospective evaluation of the McMurray test. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21:604-608 Hing, W.,white, S.,Reid,D.,et al. Validity of the McMurrays Test and Modified Versions of the Test: A Systematic Literature Review,. J Man Manip. Ther. 2009; 17(1): 22-35.doi: 10.1179/106698109790818250 Meserve BB, Cleland JA, Boucher TR A meta-analysis examining clinical test utilities for assessing meniscal injury, Clinical Rehabilitation 2008 Feb;22(2):143-61. doi:10.1177/0269215507080130. Logerstedt D, Mackler L., Ritter R, et al., Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Orthopedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009:39 Swart N.M. , Oudenaarde K., Reijnierse M., et al., Effectiveness of exercise therapy for meniscal lesions in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2016-12-01, Volume 19, Issue 12, Pages 990-998. Binkley JM, Stratford PW, Lott SA, et al., The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS): scale development, measurement properties, and clinical application. North American Orthopedic Rehabilitation Research Network. Phys Ther. 1999 Apr; 79(4):371-83). Pua YH, Cowan SM, Wrigley TV, et al., The Lower Extremity Functional Scale could be an alternative to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function scale, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 62 (2009) 1103e1111). Attending Residential Schools among Aboriginal People: PTSD Attending Residential Schools among Aboriginal People: PTSD Son Ian Lam Psychological Traumas of attending residential schools among aboriginal people Outline Introduction: Percentage of Indian Residential school students experienced abuse and maltreatment Psychological disorder IRS survivors frequently diagnosed with: Post traumatic stress disorder, residential syndrome, and historic trauma. Body: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): PTSD affect patients by several aspects: physical, physiological, mental, and spiritual. Defense mechanism of PTSD patients How the defense mechanism affect their relationship with family and daily life (inability to make decisions) Residential school syndrome (RSS): Definition of RSS Symptoms of RSS RSS affect intergeneration Historic trauma Definition of HT Symptoms of HT Difference between HT and RSS IRS survivors suffer more pain than other aboriginal people? Some IRS survivors did not be abuse while native people in reserve suffer from no freedom and abuse Only little part of IRS survivors did not experience maltreatment, most of them suffer from no freedom, maltreatment and depressed. Conclusion Experiences of IRS survivors lead to various mental problem which come with them the lifetime Those mental problem would affect intergeneration which would contribute to a vicious cycle To heal IRS survivors, first of all, we need to provide an environment with respect and no discrimination Introduction Indian Residential schools (IRS) are notoriously known as isolating and assimilating native people in Canada during 1800s to 1996. According to Robertson, a study of IRS attendee in British Columbia in 1991 indicated that 48% of former students had come across sexual abuse, 32% of them refused to answer, only a few of them claimed that they did not experience any abuse (2006). Along with the last residential school closed at 1996, the last cluster of students left the school and the government undertook the responsibilities of IRS, however, what had happened in IRS were irreversible. The experiences undergone in IRS were detrimental to those school attendee. The majority of IRS students were enduring psychological problems: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), residential school syndrome (RSS), and historic trauma (Robertson, 2006). Post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common diagnosis in former IRS students, stood for approximately 64%. Symptoms of PTSD is partially similar to RSS but PTSD would influence not only psychological aspect, but also physically, emotionally, physiologically, and spiritually torture a PTSD patient. According to Sochting, Corrado, et al, the majority of IRS students conformed to the symptoms of complex PTSD: impairment in regulating affective impulses, in particular, anger directed at both self and others, chronic self-destructive behaviors, such as self-mutilation, eating disorder, or substance abuse. Some of IRS survivors also indicated that they had a chronic headache, heart problem, and arthritis (2007). Additionally, they would develop defense mechanisms to protect themselves not to experience the tragedy again, such as suppression, inability to express or acknowledge their feelings, and stopping mechanism. Suppression is a mechanism that would contribute to gap memo ries and patients would become apartness and inferior; and stopping mechanism is shutting off their feeling or bodily functions related to the experiences in IRS (Chansonneuve, 2005). These mechanisms affect PTSD patients in various ways, for example, their relationship with other: a female IRS survivor elaborated how she hurt her children because of lacking empathy after traumatized, she anticipated her children to be perfect, all the things had to be done in a particular way and time, which was the same way she was used to be taught. One of her children suffered from anorexia later which is a disorder that people is losing appetency to eat and drink (Grant, 1996). On the other hand, their apartness contributes to their inability to decide as they also did not have a chance to make decisions. Approximately all the IRS students cannot make alternatives except as one of the alternative is good for them straightly. Residential School Syndrome (RSS) The Residential School Syndrome (RSS) is the one of the consequence after the feeling of indigenous children had been tried to close off and maltreated. (Grant, 1996). According to Robertson, some expert claimed that RRS was one type of PTSD, but Charles Brasfield defined RSSs standard and recognized several differences between these two disorders. On the other hand, there were not many RRS patients were diagnosed RSS, 6.3% of former students were diagnosed in a sampling survey in British Columbia. However, the symptoms of RRS is severe. The symptoms of RSS are as follow: Addiction of drugs or alcohols at an early age and always with anger; depreciation on dominant cultural activities; undergone a panic IRS school experience or related to a person who used to be an IRS student; the attitude to IRS is passive, anxious, angry, and unassisted; Keep dreaming the lives in IRS and tendency to feel the scenario in IRS reappear again; Feel extremely dismayed when stimulate by something or someone can remind them of their memories in IRS (2006). Besides, the patients tendency to get angry easily causes much physical abuse, their arousal sometimes lead to family violence. After long-time basis, the violence would affect generation by generation. Their next generation may also suffer from RSS (Robertson, 2006). Historic Traumas Historic trauma (HT), is defined as spiritual imbalance and cumulative emotional psychological wounding over the lifespan and across generation. Besides, HT is suggested for indigenous people as they had experienced genocide through IRS (Robertson, 2006). According to Robertson, IRS students diagnosed with HT always with those symptoms: depression, self-destructive behavior, the tendency to suicide, anxiety, inferiority, wage, and lacking emotional intelligence. The historical trauma would deliver to the next generation which is a mechanism of HT as the trauma had been ingrained in the culture and peoples memories. And people in the next generation would also underlie the thought of being lessness. On the other hand, some might say that RRS is similar with HT. However, these two are focused on two different aspects: RRS is focused on the individuals psychological aspect while HT is focused on the how the cultures affect by the trauma and how people in the communities be affected (200 6). IRS students suffering more pain than other aboriginal people? Some may say other aboriginal people also experienced a tough time in reserve, IRS survivors did not experience more pain than other aboriginal people (Robertson, 2006). Virtually, some of former IRS students were living well without problems and aboriginal people in reserves were also undergone abuse and had the tendency to suicide. However, those were a rare part of people that did not experience maltreat or abuse in IRS and aboriginal people in the reserve did not suffer from the chronic stress (Elias et al, 2012). IRS survivors also lost their ability to learn and express feeling, while native people in reserve were not (Grant, 1996). Conclusion Indigenous people undergone a tragedy in IRS and these memories contributed to various problems on them, especially mental problems which cannot be erased and like a shadow following with their whole life. Although the IRS era had gone, we still can see the effect of IRS on generations. The majority of IRS survivors had diagnosed more than one psychological disorder, and most of them were alcoholic. Alcoholic parents may make their children feel shame while their children may also suffer from maltreatment. When the children grow up, they would know their culture was not being accepted in nowadays dominant culture and they would start drinking and suffer from historical traumas (Grant, 1996). Obviously, this is a vicious cycle but it is exactly what happening right now in the society. Fortunately, there is various way to heal with IRS survivors, such as their culture, language loss, and their mental health can be fixed but it does take a long time. But in the first place, we need to p rovide a safe, confidential environment with respect and no discrimination (Chansonneuve, 2005). References Chansonneuve, D. (2005). Reclaiming Connections: understanding residential school trauma  among aboriginal people. Elias, B., Mignone, J., Hall, M., Hong, S. P., Hart, L., Sareen, J. (2012). Trauma and suicide  behaviour histories among a Canadian indigenous population: an empirical exploration of the potential role of Canadas residential school system. Social science medicine, 74(10), 1560-1569. Grant, A. (1996). No End of Grief: Indian Residential Schools in Canada. Pemmican Publications, Inc., 1635 Burrows Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2X 0T1. Robertson, Lloyd Hawkeye. The residential school experience: Syndrome or historic trauma. Pimatisiwin 4.1 (2006): 1-28. Sochting, I., Corrado, R., Cohen, I. M., Ley, R. G., Brasfield, C. (2007). Traumatic pasts in Canadian Aboriginal people: Further support for a complex trauma conceptualization?. British Columbia Medical Journal, 49(6), 320.